A further 92 people were wounded in Wednesday's bombings, the latest in a string of attacks carried out by the Sunni extremist group against Shiite targets in Yemen since March.
A suicide bomber blew himself up inside the mosque in the Jarraf district of north Sanaa, and a car bomb was detonated outside minutes later.
The neighbourhood is home to many senior figures in the Huthi rebel movement which has controlled the capital since September last year.