The dead included 10 children and 11 women, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said, adding that the toll could rise further because of the number of wounded with serious injuries.
The raids hit the headquarters of former Al-Qaeda affiliate Fateh al-Sham in Idlib and several adjacent neighbourhoods of the city at dawn on Tuesday.
Observatory head Rami Abdel Rahman said he could not determine whether the raids were carried out by Syrian government ally Russia or a US-led coalition battling jihadists.
In recent weeks, Fateh al-Sham has come under increasing in Idlib, the last province in Syria almost entirely in rebel hands.
Bombing raids against the group have escalated, including one US strike on a training camp in January that killed more than 100 fighters.
Rebel groups have held Idlib province since the spring of 2015, four years after the Syrian conflict broke out.
More than 310,000 people have died since the war began and millions have been forced to flee their homes.
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