The Hercules C130J was flown to Juhu as an exercise to see if the airport in the western suburbs of Mumbai could be used in case the city's main airport is attacked, defence sources said.
They said the massive transport plane, used to carry troops and supplies, stood at Juhu for 10 minutes before flying out.
Most aircrafts of this size require a runway with conventional dimensions of a fully functional airport, but the Hercules can land on much shorter lengths of unpaved or paved runways, they said.
The Hercules C130J has earlier, in August 2013, landed at the runway at Daulat Baig Oldie in Ladakh, one of the highest and most inhospitable runways in the world.
The last time a fixed-wing aircraft, a Japanese airliner, had landed on the Juhu strip in 1972.