Former Union Minister Ajay Maken, the party's Delhi Unit chief, said the decision, announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has triggered "financial anarchy".
"The autocratic decision by one man to bolster his image has plummeted the whole country into a financial anarchy," Maken said, addressing protesters at Jahangirpuri.
He alleged a "big scam" behind demonetisation, saying it was a "ploy" to transfer the savings of the poor to the rich, which has brought the entire country "to a standstill".
People are going through "unbearable difficulties" due to the "complete unpreparedness" in the implementation of the decision, Maken said.
Delhi Congress workers will take out a march to the Prime Minister's residence on November 23 in this regard, he said.
The party will also bring out a booklet titled "Note Pe Charcha" to explain to people the fallout of the "faulty implementation" of the measure.