"Who gave the advice I do not know, but I believe, as Manmohan Singh had said in Rajya Sabha, that Reserve Bank of India did not give the advice it should have offered," party spokesperson Jairam Ramesh said.
The economy has been growing at 7-7.5 per cent and the decision was taken only for political reasons, he alleged.
Ramesh made it clear that Congress did not call for a 'Bharat bandh' and alleged that BJP was spreading disinformation in this regard.
Ramesh termed the decision to scrap high-value currency notes a "political decision for three reasons".
Also Read
The second reason is that Modi had seen the "writing on the wall" in Uttar Pradesh, which goes to polls next year.
And thirdly, to cover up the government's failure to deliver on the Prime Minister's big electoral promise of bringing back black money stashed abroad.
He said it may take 250 days to print the required number of currency notes to get the economy back on track. If notes are printed abroad, it will be a mockery of "Make in India" initiative of the government.
"Does the Prime Minister want to have cash-less mandis? Does the PM want to have the unorganized sector working cashless? I am sorry to say it's a ridiculous proposition, to say that India will become cashless and all these economic sectors will become cashless," he said.
Such transitions take time and cannot be forced through shocks, he said.
Finance Minister Arun Jaitley came to the defence of RBI
"An unfair attack by Jairam Ramesh on the RBI Governor. Must politicians attack those who can't defend themselves in the same tone?" he said in a tweet.
Ramesh said it is estimated that only 5-10 per cent of black money is kept in cash, while most of it is in the form of gold, silver, benami property or stashed abroad.
A lot of discomfiture had been caused to people by demonetising Rs 500 notes abruptly, he said.
The Prime Minister had remarked "na khaaonga, na khaane doonga", but Saurabh Patel, who was a minister in the then Modi-led Gujarat government, is learnt to have been linked to a company based in Bahamas, where many tax evaders go, Ramesh alleged.
Patel was removed from his post over some dispute, he claimed.
Asked if Congress was in favour of holding of Lok Sabha and Assembly elections simultaneously, Ramesh said there were merits as well as demerits of it.
He claimed that the Pune-based organisation, which is said to be behind the the demonetisation idea, has also said the way it is being implemented is not what they had suggested.
Congress was not against the objectives of the measure and will support steps against black money and corruption, but the reality of the situation is different, he said.