Speaking at the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit, he said the scrapping of high-value notes was a move to end the shadow economy.
To that end, he said, the government also renegotiated tax treaties with Mauritius, Cyprus and Singapore to end tax evasion and round tripping of funds.
"Obviously difficult decisions initially pass through difficult phases. Historic decisions which can have long term advantages for the country also have transient pains attached to them. But then in the medium and long term, they are going to change the roadmap on which the country is destined to move," he said.
Jaitley said that while India aspires to evolve from a developing country to a developed nation and an economy that is making an impact globally with fastest growth rate, "we are substantially, in terms of taxation, a non-complaint society".
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"When we release data, we then realise the narrowness of tax base. And once this entire bearer currency, which has anonymity and no history, moves back into banking system and is accompanied by digitised economy -- it is going to be a major step towards an integration of informal economy which at times also was a shadow economy, with a more formal economy," he said.
The larger, cleaner and better tax compliant economy will happen "after the transient impact of this is over (and) once it is coupled with the historic implementation of the GST", Jaitley said.
"And you are assessed by different authorities," he said, adding that GST will make India one big entity with a single tax that will allow seamless transfer of goods and services across the country.
"It is advantageous to the assessee as there is no cascading of tax," he said.