Vargas, 33, a Philippines-born prize-winning journalist, was handcuffed and questioned by Border Patrol officers yesterday as he prepared to board a domestic flight to Los Angeles in the border city of McAllen.
He was ordered to appear before an immigration judge, but not before news of his detention triggered a media storm amid an influx of tens of thousands of Central American children over the US-Mexico border.
"I've been travelling around the country for the past three years" without incident using a Philippine passport that lacks a US visa, said Vargas, who came out as an undocumented immigrant in a widely-read 2011 essay.
"When you fly through JFK... There's no Border Patrol agent checking your passport when you go through," explained Vargas, referring to New York's John F Kennedy International Airport.
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"But here, in south Texas, that's what happened -- and, you know, people need to understand that if you are undocumented in this country, that's the risk you take," he said.
Vargas was 12 years old in 1993 when his young mother put him on a flight in Manila to be raised by his grandparents in California, in hopes that he could live the American dream.
He went on to join the Washington Post, where he was part of a team that won a Pulitzer Prize in 2008, then came out in a 2011 essay in the New York Times as one of America's estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants.