India reached 57 for one at tea with a 18-run lead after left-handed Dhawan hit a full toss back to spinner Moeen Ali, minutes before the break.
Other opener Murali Vijay was batting on 19 while giving him company was Cheteshwar Pujara (8).
This was after Root (154 not out) and James Anderson (81) put on an all-time Test record of 198 runs for the 10th wicket in the first two sessions of the day and Bhuvneshwar Kumar (5/82) snapped up his first five-wicket haul in Test cricket.
Bhuvaneshwar broke the stand by dismissing Anderson.
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Root and Anderson bettered the previous world record of 163-run stand made by Australia's Phil Hughes and Ashton Agar at this very ground during the Ashes series last year.
The fourth morning began with India desperately looking for the last wicket but they allowed Anderson and Root to build a solid stand by their wayward bowling that made things easy for the hosts.
Root and Anderson partnership also beat a long-standing 111-year old English record for the 10th wicket of 130 runs by Tip Foster and Wilfred Rhodes against Australia at Sydney in 1903.
For India, Mohammed Shami had scored an unbeaten 51 while Anderson is batting at 81 for the hosts. Anderson's is the highest Test score by an England number 11 batsman, beating John Snow's effort of 59 not out against West Indies at The Oval in 1966.