Diabetes risk for South Asians begins at birth

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes for South Asians begins immediately at birth, a new study by Indian-origin researchers suggests.
South Asians are long known to suffer from substantially higher rates of both diabetes and heart disease, researchers said.
The research from the South Asian Birth Cohort study (START) is significant because it suggests South Asian women who minimise their risk of gestational diabetes and avoid excessive weight gain in pregnancy may help to prevent diabetes in their own children.
"South Asian pregnant women should be considered high risk for gestational diabetes and routinely screened in pregnancy," said Sonia Anand, principal investigator and a professor at McMaster University.

"Prevention may be an important way to break the transmission among generations," she said.
Researchers compared nearly 800 pregnant South Asian and white Caucasian women from Peel Region and the city of Hamilton.

While the South Asian mothers - who were smaller in stature than their white counterparts - gave birth to significantly smaller babies, those newborns had more adipose or fat tissue, termed the "thin-fat" phenotype and a higher waist circumference.
"The increase we observed in fat tissue is clearly influenced by South Asian ethnicity, the mother's body fat and high blood sugar levels," said Anand.
"In addition, our research re-emphasises the importance of diabetes prevention efforts in South Asians from very early childhood onwards, in order to reduce the eventual burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in South Asian adults," said study investigator Dr Milan Gupta, associate clinical professor of medicine at McMaster University and medical director of the Canadian Cardiovascular Research Network.

The START study researchers have now recruited an additional 1,000 South Asian mothers and their babies in the Greater Toronto region for further study.
They are also involved in a collaborative study in Bangalore, India where they will compare rural and urban groups, which will then be compared to Canadian urban South Asians.
The study was published in the International Journal of Obesity.