A lawyer for victims' families says they missed a chance to head off the disaster.
As Andreas Lubitz prepared in June 2010 to come to the US for training at Lufthansa's flight school in the state of Arizona, he applied to the Federal Aviation Administration for a student pilot medical certificate, according to FAA records and a report by French air crash investigators.
Lubitz initially told the FAA he hadn't been treated for any mental disorders, and he failed to list doctors who had treated him on the application form as required.
After Lubitz filed the erroneous application, a medical examiner working for the FAA in Germany filed one correcting the discrepancy, with an explanation that he had been found fit to fly.
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Brian Alexander, an attorney hired by the families of about 80 of the passengers killed in the crash, said that because Lubitz had initially "lied" to the FAA about his mental health history, it was within the agency's power to simply deny him the medical clearance.
With that in hand, the FAA granted him the medical certificate in late July.
"They had a chance to maybe stop this," Alexander said.
The FAA confirmed in a statement to The Associated Press that the agency issued the clearance "after conducting an exam and obtaining additional information about his previous treatment for mental health issues."
However, the statement said the agency "has no indication that Mr. Lubitz falsified any records or was unfit to be a pilot at the time of that exam."
Lubitz's initial application shows clearly that he checked the "no" box when the correct answer would have been "yes," he said, and that is enough for FAA officials to have refused to grant the certificate even.
"They can't retreat from what happened here," Alexander said. "He got caught. That's the only reason he came clean."
Alexander acknowledged that denial in such circumstances may not have been the agency's normal practice.