"In recent years our countries have been the primary engines of global economic growth. As the world's second- largest economy, disruptions in China can have negative consequences on the rest of the world, including here in the United States," Lew said.
Lew said over the past year, China rattled global markets as exchange rate policy changes raised questions about how it would manage the transition to a more sustainable growth rate.
"We need to challenge China's policies that disadvantage our firms and workers, whether they are currency practices, trade barriers, or excess capacity in industrial sectors," he said.
Lew said in recent years, China has committed to a variety of steps to open its economy and level the playing field to the American business community, including improved transparency on regulatory measures.
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"But we continue to raise concerns about the general climate in China for US businesses," he said.
A high-standard bilateral investment treaty (BIT) would strengthen the climate for American businesses in China, but this remains a work in progress, he noted.
"Signs are encouraging that China is ready to shoulder greater responsibility and contribute more resources to address global trade, development, and climate change challenges," Lew said.
China has the opportunity to build upon the progress in the WTO on the Information Technology Agreement by showing leadership in advancing an Environmental Goods Agreement, he said.
It is critical that China deliver on that promise, he added.
It is also critical that China be willing to embrace these same high standards of governance and transparency in its own initiatives, such as the "One Belt One Road" and its "South-South Climate Cooperation Fund".
This will be important in further establishing China's reputation as a contributor to responsible leadership on the global stage, Lew asserted.