"The fightback has to start here," said Coe in a statement after the Sunday Times and German broadcaster ARD published evidence of hundreds of allegedly suspicious blood tests.
"It is a declaration of war on my sport. There is nothing in our history of competence and integrity in drug-testing that warrants this kind of attack."
Coe, a two-time Olympic gold medallist at 1,500 metres, is vying with former Ukrainian pole-vaulter Sergey Bubka to succeed Lamine Diack, the head of world governing body the IAAF, in an election on August 19.
It allegedly shows details of over 12,000 blood tests between 2001 and 2012 that revealed "extraordinary" levels of doping, with over 800 athletes producing suspicious blood tests.
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The IAAF dismissed the allegations on Tuesday as "sensationalist and confusing" and said the test results did not constitute concrete proof of doping.
While Coe, currently an IAAF vice-president, has attacked the claims, he accepts that some countries need to address longstanding concerns over doping practices.
"I don't think anybody should underestimate the anger that is felt in our sport. We have led the way on this," he told BBC Radio 4.