The inquiry is "especially looking for more information" on two people, Dutch investigators said hours after releasing a report into their initial criminal findings.
The men used the pseudonyms of "Orion" and "Delfin" but have been respectively identified as Andrey Ivanovich and Nikolay Fiodorovich, according to a statement published on the Dutch police's website.
It is the first time that the probe, which also includes investigators from Australia, Belgium, Malaysia and Ukraine, has named individuals in relation to the attack.
But, it stressed, "there is no evidence that these calls are directly related to the shooting down of MH17."
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However, if people recognise the voices, know either of the individuals or have any "information concerning these people or their connection to the BUK (missile) that allegedly shot down MH17," they should contact investigators immediately, the statement said.
"If you are concerned about your safety, various protective measures can be taken," the investigators promised.
English transcripts of the conversation show two men talking about a "convoy" moving in the direction of an airport, at Sabivka near Luhansk in eastern Ukraine.
The inquiry team concluded Wednesday that the missile that shot down the plane came from a battery that was transported from Russia across the border into Ukraine and taken back after the launch.
The preliminary criminal findings also said around 100 people are under investigation for playing "an active role" in the incident and confirmed the missile was fired from a field which at the time was in territory held by pro-Moscow rebels, who are battling Kiev.
The pro-Russian separatists have denied having fired the missile, denying possessing such a weapon.
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