Odisha athlete Dutee clocked 11.33secs in women's 100m dash to win the gold and erase Rachita Mistry's 16-year-old earlier national record of 11.38 secs.
Another Odisha athlete Amiya Kumar Mallick also broke the national record in men's 100m sprint by clocking 11.26secs in the semifinals, thereby bettering the earlier national mark of 10:30secs set by Abdul Najeeb Qureshi in 2010.
Mallick, however, failed to finish at the podium in the men's 100m race finals due to left hamstring pull.
20-year-old Dutee, who won a landmark 'gender case' at the Court of Arbitration for Sports against the world athletics governing body IAAF in July last year, however, missed the Rio Olympics qualification norm of 11.32secs by one-hundredth of a second.
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Her Odisha state-mate Srabani Nanda was second in 11.45secs while HM Jyothi, representing Canara Bank, was third in 11.46secs in the finals at the Jawaharlal Nehru tracks here.
An elated Dutee said that all her hard work and focus despite the distractions and disappointments in the last few years have given her rich dividends.
"I could not qualify for Rio Olympics but I am not disappointed by that. I am extremely happy, the national record is mine now. It is very early in the season, it's the first meet and I have three more months to qualify for the Rio Olympics," Dutee said after winning the race.
Asked about any changes in Dutee's running that led to her national record, coach Ramesh said, "Dutee always starts off the block quickly but she needs more power off the blocks so that she can finish the race strong. So we made changes that she would hit the block with more power so that she starts with more power, besides starting off the blocks quickly.
"I hope Dutee will now be included in the government's Target Olympic Podium Scheme. It will be better if she is sent for foreign training stint. Here in India the temperature will keep on increasing and chances for Rio qualification will be more in competitions outside the country. We will make a request to the sports ministry and Sports Authority of India."
Amiya Kumar Mallick, who set a national record in men's 100m dash but finished fourth in 10.51secs said it was tough for an athlete to run three races in a day and that too 100m sprint.
"It is hard to run three races (preliminary heats, semifinals and finals) in a day. I had a left hamstring pull in the semifinals and so I could not do well in the finals," Mallick said.
"I have three more months to qualify for Rio Olympics. I am a non-camper and am not among those sent to train abroad. I will approach the Athletics Federation of India to include me at the camp and send abroad for training. I hope to qualify for the Rio Olympics," he said.
Results:
Men: 100m Race: 1. JYOTISANKAR DEBNATH (BIH) 10.41secs; 2. KRISHNAKUMAR RANE (MAH) 10.44secs; 3 MD ABDUL QURESHI (ONGC) 10.50secs.
5000m Race: 1. G LAKSHMANAN (TN) 13:51.29; 2. SURESH KUMAR (ONGC) 13:52.83; 3. YUNUS MOHAMMED (UP) 14:11.55.
Pole Vault: 1. J PREETH (TN) 4.95m; 2. ANUJ SINGH (ONGC) 4.70m; 3. SONU SAINI (ONGC) 4.70m; 3. PRADHYUMN NARBAR (DEL) 4.70m.
110m Hurdles: 1. SURESH ARUMUGAM (TN) 14.33secs; 2 ANUPENDRA KUMAR (CRPF) 14.70secs; 3. T BALAMURUGAN (TN) 14.72secs.
Shot Put: 1. TAJINDERPAL SINGH TOOR (ONGC) 19.93m; 2. INDERJEET SINGH (HAR) 19.17m; 3. JASDEEP SINGH (PUN) 18.36m
Women's: 100m Race: 1. DUTEE CHAND (ORI) 11.33secs; 2. SRABANI NANDA (ORI) 11.45; 3. HM JYOTHI (CANARA BANK) 11.46secs.
5000m Race: 1. L SURIYA (TN) 15:39.59; 2. SWATI HARIDAS GADHAWE (MAH) 15:44.00; 3. SANJEEVANI BABURAO JADHAV (ONGC) 16:36.92.
100m Hurdles: 1. PINKI RANI (HAR) 15.41secs; 2. PRIYANKA (HAR) 18.39secs.
Hammer Throw: 1. SARITA PRAKASH SINGH (UP) 61.81m; 2. GUNJAN SINGH (UP) 55.38m; 3. RITU DHIMAN (ONGC) 54.91m.