Dutee clocked 7.28 secs, the best by an Indian to date, that also bettered the Asian Indoor Athletics Championships record.
She was the fastest qualifier for the final at the Aspire Dome here.
Dutee's team-mate Srabani Nanda, who had won a silver in women's 100m race and a gold in 200m in the just-concluded South Asian Games, was disqualified in the heats on account of a false start.
The earlier best timing by an Indian in women's 60m race was the 7.81 secs in the name of Arjina Khatun set during the Asian Indoor Games in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009.
The Asian Indoor record in women's 60 m race, however, stands at 7.09 secs in the name of Susanthika Jayasinghe of Sri Lanka set in 1999.