Earth, Moon 60 million years older than thought

The Earth and the Moon may be around 60 million years older than previously thought, a new study suggests.
Researchers have found that the timing of the giant impact between Earth's ancestor and a planet-sized body occurred around 40 million years after the start of solar system formation.
This means that the final stage of Earth's formation is around 60 million years older than previously thought, researchers said.
Geochemists from the University of Lorraine in Nancy, France discovered an isotopic signal which indicates that previous age estimates for both the Earth and the Moon are underestimates.
One of the standard methods to estimate early Earth events is measuring the changes in the proportions of different gases (isotopes) which survive from the early Earth.

Researchers Guillaume Avice and Bernard Marty analysed xenon gas found in South African and Australian quartz, which had been dated to 3.4 and 2.7 billion years respectively.

The gas sealed in this quartz is preserved as in a "time capsule," allowing Avice and Marty to compare the current isotopic ratios of xenon, with those which existed billions of years ago.
Recalibrating dating techniques using the ancient gas allowed them to refine the estimate of when the Earth began to form. This allowed them to calculate that the Moon-forming impact is around 60 million years older than had been thought.
Previously, the time of formation of the Earth's atmosphere had been estimated at around 100 million years after the solar system formation.

As the atmosphere would not have survived the Moon-forming impact, this revision puts the age up to 40 million years after the solar system formation (so around 60 million years older than previously thought).
"It is not possible to give an exact date for the formation of the Earth. What this work does is to show that the Earth is older than we thought, by around 60 million years," Avice said.
"The composition of the gases we are looking at changes according the conditions they are found in, which of course depend on the major events in Earth's history.
"The gas sealed in these quartz samples has been handed down to us in a sort of "time capsule." We are using standard methods to compute the age of the Earth, but having access to these ancient samples gives us new data, and allows us to refine the measurement.

"The xenon gas signals allow us to calculate when the atmosphere was being formed, which was probably at the time the Earth collided with a planet-sized body, leading to the formation of the Moon. Our results mean that both the Earth and the Moon are older than we had thought," Avice added.
The research was presented at the Goldschmidt Geochemistry Conference in Sacramento, California.