The team was met by an official reception at Kabul airport before being driven through the war-battered city for a jubilant evening of speeches, dancing and live music.
Cricket only became popular in Afghanistan as refugees flooded back from Pakistan after the fall of the harsh Taliban regime in 2001. The team's ascent to the top international level is seen as a symbol of hope and national unity.
"Me and my friends rented two cars and hit the road to welcome our team back. Cricket is a sport which can bring all Afghans together."
Security was high for the players' vehicle convoy and at the national cricket stadium, where the team was met by wild cheers from fans who had waited for hours to see their returning heroes.
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"I have never been this happy in my life," team captain Mohammad Nabi told the crowd. "I feel proud and want to congratulate the Afghan nation for the victory and the historic achievement."
He hit the winning runs when Afghanistan beat Kenya by seven wickets in Sharjah a week ago to secure a place in the 2015 World Cup, which will be hosted by Australia and New Zealand.
The stadium in Kabul was filled to capacity with cheerful fans waving national flags as the players showed off a golden cup marking their success.
An array of pop and traditional singers then took to the stage to entertain the happy throng.
Afghanistan celebrated another major sporting success only last month when the national football side won its first ever title, beating India in Nepal to lift the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) trophy.