The officials say police detained senior Brotherhood leaders Mohammed el-Beltagy, Essam el-Erian, group spokesman Ahmed Aref and its chief theologian Abdel-Rahman el-Bar.
Also captured is hard-line cleric Safwat Hegazy, who is close to the Brotherhood.
El-Beltagy, el-Erian and Hegazy are wanted by prosecutors to answer allegations of inciting violence and conspiring to kill protesters calling for Morsi's ouster.
The five were arrested shortly after police completed its control of the camp in Cairo's eastern Nasr City district.