Mohamed El-Beltagy and cleric Safwat Hegazy were convicted by a Cairo Criminal Court of attempting to kill two policemen during protests against the military's ouster of Islamist President Mohamed Morsi in July 2013.
The duo were found guilty of torturing the policemen at Cairo's Rabaa Al-Adaweya sit-in and were given a 10-year jail term. The demonstrations at Rabaa al-Adawiya were crushed by security forces, who killed hundreds of people.
Egyptian officials, who call the Brotherhood a terrorist organisation, have often said that some protesters were armed and fired at police and soldiers.
Two others, Mahmoud Zanati and Abdul Azeem Mohamed, who treated wounded protesters at a field hospital during the clashes, were sentenced to fifteen years and a fine of 100,000 pounds each was imposed on them, reported Al-Bawaba news website.
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The policemen were on duty during the protests last year when they were kidnapped by the convicts, the assistant of the victims said.
Beltagy, a vocal critic of Mursi's overthrow, faces several legal cases. He has been given life sentence for inciting violence following Morsi's removal.
Hegazy, arrested last August while trying to cross into Libya, was a supporter of the Brotherhood and its media adviser.
Many Brotherhood supporters were killed and thousands were arrested after Morsi was toppled following mass protests against his rule.
In another case, Giza Criminal Court sentenced prominent salafist leader Hazem Salah Abu Ismail to a year in prison for insulting policemen.
In December 2012, Abu Ismail appeared in a YouTube video and insulted policemen and the then Minister of Interior Ahmed Gamal El-Din.