The explosion in Mansoura, 110 kilometers north of Cairo, was the deadliest bombing yet in a months-long wave of violence blamed on Islamic militants.
The blast was so powerful, it collapsed an entire section and side wall of the five-floor building, incinerating dozens of cars outside and damaging several nearby buildings. More than 100 people were wounded.
Although there was no immediate claim of responsibility, hours after yesterday's blast Egypt's interim government blamed the Muslim Brotherhood, the country's largest Islamist group and the organization from which ousted President Mohammed Morsi hails.
The vote is a key step in the country's political transition after the military's ouster of Morsi in July, but it has further stoked political tensions, with Morsi's Brotherhood protesting against the new charter. His group has also staged continued protests since the July coup, demanding Morsi's release from jail and reinstatement.
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According to the security official, the investigation into the Mansoura attack has shown that a bomber drove a pickup truck laden with explosives close to the police headquarters, then detonated it.
But he said that Cairo airport authorities arrested a Brotherhood member late yesterday on suspicions that he was linked to the attack.
The suspect, identified as 22-year-old Adel Younis Rashid who runs a computer shop in Mansoura, was taken into custody as he was trying to fly to Turkey with his mother and a friend.
The suspect is the son of a leading Brotherhood member and former lawmaker from Mansoura, the official said, adding that authorities have also confiscated Rashid's computers and telephones.
The group has claimed most of the major attacks in the volatile Sinai Peninsula and the Suez Canal-area cities recent months, as well as a failed attempt to assassinate the interior minister in Cairo in September.
In one of its video messages posted online in October, the group said it was retaliating for the security forces' ruthless attacks on Islamists, a reference to the crackdown on Brotherhood members and Morsi's supporters, which has claimed hundreds of lives.
Also today, Egyptian state TV reported that of the wounded from the Mansoura bombing had died, bringing the total death toll to 15.