The 26-year-old Durham star was arrested early on Monday in the Clifton district of the city and released under investigation -- without charge -- the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) announced today.
Both Stokes and England opening batsman Alex Hales, 28, who was with him on Sunday night, will miss the game at The Oval.
A statement issued by Avon and Somerset police said: "We were called to a disorder in Queens Road, Clifton, at around 2:35am (0135 GMT) on Monday.
"A 26-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of causing actual bodily harm and has since been released under investigation."
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The incident happened following England's 124-run win in the third ODI -- where Stokes made 73 -- in southwest city Bristol on Sunday that put them 2-0 up in a five-match series against West Indies.
Wednesday's fixture at The Oval takes place just hours after England are due to unveil their squad for the Ashes tour of Australia at the south London ground.
- Held overnight -
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"Stokes was arrested in the early hours of Monday morning, 25 September, following an incident in Bristol," the former England captain added as he continued to read out from the statement.
"He was held overnight and released under investigation -- without charge -- late on Monday and will not join the team in London.
"Hales, who was with Stokes on Sunday night, did not train this (Tuesday) morning and has returned voluntarily to Bristol today to help police with their enquiries."
"The selectors have been instructed to select the Ashes squad based on form and fitness," Strauss told Sky Sports in a subsequent interview.
England limited-overs captain said Jason Roy would replace Hales on the Surrey opener's home ground, with pacemen Jake Ball and Tom Curran vying for Stokes's spot.
"We feel we have a strong enough squad to be able to fill that hole," insisted Morgan. "It's important we can put this to one side and focus on our cricket."
He was also sidelined from the 2014 World Twenty20 with a broken hand after punching a dressing-room locker in Barbados in frustration following a poor run of form.
- 'Role models' -
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In an interview with The Times magazine published on Saturday, Stokes was asked if he no longer drank alcohol on evenings out during a five-day Test.
"Yeah, why not?," he replied. "We're grown men, go out for dinner, have a few pints.
Meanwhile West Indies coach Stuart Law said the absence of Stokes and Hales was "nothing to do with us".
But asked by AFP at The Oval on Tuesday whether current cricketers had to be careful on a night out, former Australia batsman Law answered: "With the invasion of the social media, you can't really breathe without people knowing it.
"You are role models, you are people that the young kids and general public look up to.
"We were pretty luck in our era (when Law played) -- it wasn't as intrusive as what the social media can be in this day and age.
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