Pupils aged 11 will be expected to know their tables up to 12x12 and will be tested using a new "on-screen check".
The UK government wants every pupil to be able to read a novel by the age of 11 and to write a short story with accurate punctuation, spelling and grammar as part of a more result-oriented curriculum.
UK education secretary Nicky Morgan said maths was a non-negotiable aspect of good education.
"They will help teachers recognise those pupils at risk of falling behind and allow us to target those areas where children aren't being given a fair shot to succeed," she said.
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The checks will be piloted with about 3,000 pupils in 80 primary schools later this year, before being rolled out across the country in 2017.
The "on-screen check" examination will involve children completing multiplication challenges against the clock, which will be scored instantly.