Shrubsole hit the winning runs in a tense semi-final victory over South Africa before her six for 46, which included five wickets in 19 balls, brought England back from the brink as they edged India in the final at a packed Lord's.
A photo of the 26-year-old will grace the famous yellow jacket of the 155th edition of the Almanack, which has been published every year since 1864.
"It's an amazing honour and privilege to be on the cover of Wisden," said Shrubsole. "To be on the front of such an iconic and historic book means a huge amount.
This year's Almanack, a comprehensive chronicling of the game over the past 12 months, will be published on April 12.
"Anya Shrubsole was a natural for this year's Wisden cover, having stolen the show on the most memorable day of the 2017 summer," said Wisden editor Lawrence Booth added.
"Shrubsole is Wisden's first female cover star -- and, thanks to the excitement she generated that day at Lord's, almost certainly not the last.
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