The new rules unveiled by European Commission vice- president Valdis Dombrovskis would deny London the right to host banking "clearing houses" that deal in euros, the EU's single currency.
Clearing houses are a key part of the financial system's plumbing, with trillions of euros being handled every year, mostly out of London.
Dombrovskis said the EU will officially publish its new proposals in June, with Britain accepting Brussels oversight of euro-clearing in London the only other option on the table.
"Because the bulk of euro-denominated derivatives are cleared in the UK ... We need to assess what implications it has for financial stability," he said.
More From This Section
The issue of whether euro clearing houses can remain in the British capital is set to be one of the most contentious issues when Britain negotiates its future trade relationship with the EU after its departure.
Britain has jealously guarded dominance of the clearing house sector in Europe and won a EU court decision in 2015 against the European Central Bank in order to keep hosting the euro deals.
"A forced re-location of euro-clearing would lead to disruption, uncertainty and fragmentation of the market," said Miles Celic, Chief Executive of the TheCityUK.
Forcing a move out of London, "would ultimately be detrimental" and "is in no one's interest," he added.