Following a probe, the Commission said it had now told the three of its "preliminary view that they may have breached EU antitrust rules by colluding to influence the pricing of interest rate derivatives denominated in the euro currency."
Such action was "aimed at distorting the normal course of pricing components for euro interest rate derivatives," it said in a statement.
If the suspicions are proved, the three would be in breach of European Union rules which prohibit anti-competitive business practices.
In December, the EU imposed a record USD 2.3 billion in fines on six global lenders, including Deutsche Bank, France's Societe Generale and Britain's Royal Bank of Scotland, for their role in fixing interest rates used to set the price for a wide range of loans and investment instruments.
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EU Competition Commissioner Joaquin Almunia said at the time that the fines were intended both to "punish and dissuade" other lenders as part of efforts to restore order to the financial services industry after the excesses of the 2000s led to the bust and collapse of 2007-08.
The result has been huge fines and a tightening up in bank regulatory standards in order to prevent further abuses and ensure that lenders do not get caught up in the sort of speculative frenzy which left so many exposed and needing taxpayer bailouts at the height of the financial crash.
Today's statement is the next step in a Commission inquiry and will allow HSBC, JPMorgan and Credit Agricole to make a formal response to the allegations.