"This is no excuse to take the country away from fundamental rights and the rule of law, and we will be extremely vigilant on that," EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini said at a joint news conference with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry.
The top American diplomat said Turkey must "uphold the highest standards for the country's democratic institutions and the rule of law."
Kerry and Mogherini spoke after a meeting in Brussels that also included the bloc's 28 foreign ministers, and after a weekend when Turkey's government responded to a coup attempt by rounding up some 6,000 people, including hundreds of judges and prosecutors.
In Berlin, Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman said talks on Turkey's bid to the join EU would end if Ankara restored the death penalty. Merkel's spokesman, Steffen Seibert told reporters that "the institution of the death penalty can only mean that such a country could not be a member."
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Both Mogherini and Kerry reiterated the trans-Atlantic support for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's democratically elected government.
While they illustrated the deepening frustration with his government's response to the failed coup, which has even included allegations by Turkish government ministers of U.S. complicity in the violence.
"It is exactly what we feared," Johannes Hahn said. It appears, he added, as if Turkey had "prepared" arrest lists of political opponents and was waiting for the right time to act.
Mogherini expressed concern about the possibility of other changes, noting that no country could join the EU if it reintroduces the death penalty.