"Let me be clear: the current numbers aren't sustainable. We are running out of time. We need a sharp reduction in the coming six to eight weeks," Rutte told the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France.
"When spring comes you might see a spike again in the numbers so we have to tackle this before then," Rutte added.
His comments came a day after EU President Donald Tusk made a similar warning about the pressure of time, noting "worrying" figures that more than 2,000 people a day were coming to Europe over the Christmas period.
In 2015, more than one million refugees and migrants made the perilous journey to Europe -- half of them Syrians fleeing a civil war that has been raging for nearly five years.
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The influx has imposed huge strains on the 28-nation European Union, threatening the passport-free Schengen zone as countries restore border checks, and causing tensions over which countries should take in asylum seekers.
Plans for a new EU border and coastguard force will also be pushed through in the first half of 2016, he said.