Macron "reiterated the importance" of "European cooperation in the fight against terrorism" during the conversation, a statement from his office said.
Macron also expressed France's support to Britain and said it was vital to fight propaganda on social networks.
Four French nationals are among the 48 people injured by three men who mowed down pedestrians with a van on London Bridge late yesterday before attacking revellers in a popular nightlife hub with knives.
May said Britain would ensure the security of French expatriates who were voting in London on Sunday in the upcoming French parliamentary election.
Macron earlier today said his country stands by Britain:
"In the face of this new tragedy, France is more than ever at Britain's side," he wrote in a Tweet.