He was 92.
Patil was a former MP and also a former member of the Maharashtra Legislature and the state cabinet.
Patil was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2013.
He was a member of the Maharashtra ministries headed by Vasantrao Naik, Shankarrao Chavan and Vasantdada Patil.
Patil was a member of the Rajya Sabha during 1992-98, an MLC from 1960 to 67 and an MLA for three consecutive terms from 1967 to 1980.
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"Patil represented a generation, which was socially aware," NCP chief Sharad Pawar said, condoling the leader's death.
Former Speaker of Maharashtra Assembly Dilip Walse Patil said, "Maharashtra and our country has suffered a great loss with the demise of Shri Shivajirao Patil today. My deepest condolences to his family.