TV news cameras caught the 21-year-old former swimmer as he left the Santa Clara County Jail in San Jose, California, and quickly drove away in a car without commenting.
Turner was convicted in March of three counts of sexual assault after being caught raping an intoxicated and unconscious 22-year-old woman behind a dumpster at a fraternity house.
He was released early from jail for good behaviour while incarcerated.
Persky, who had also been a student at Stanford, now faces a recall campaign and has removed himself from hearing criminal cases.
More From This Section
The case threw a spotlight on the problem of rape and sexual assault on US college campuses, amid criticism that handling of these cases is often lax and has given rise to a climate of impunity.
Turner's victim, identified as "Emily Doe," made a powerful statement at his sentencing that drew international attention.
"You took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today."
A letter to the court by Turner's father, stating that the blond, blue-eyed athlete did not deserve to be jailed for "20 minutes of action," further stoked the debate.
The woman was rescued from her attacker by two international students from Sweden.