In the study, a third of patients with chronic conditions who exchanged emails with their doctors said that these communications improved their overall health.
"We found that a large proportion of patients used email as their first method of contacting health care providers across a variety of health-related concerns," said study lead author Mary E Reed, staff scientist with the US healthcare organisation Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research in California.
"As more patients gain access to online portal tools associated with electronic health records, emails between patients and providers may shift the way that health care is delivered and also impact efficiency, quality and health outcomes," Reed said.
Researchers surveyed 1,041 patients who had chronic conditions such as asthma, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes or hypertension.
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Survey participants included patients who had used an online patient portal, My Health Manager, to send secure email messages, as well as patients who had not sent any messages.
Surveys were completed in 2011 by mail, online or by telephone interview to ensure that access to technology would not affect response rates.
More than half of respondents (56 per cent) had sent their provider an email within the previous year, and 46 per cent used email as the first method of contact for one or more medical concerns, the researchers said.
Among patients who had emailed their health care provider, 42 per cent reported that it reduced phone contacts and 36 per cent said it reduced in-person visits.