Outbound shipments of as many as 17 sectors, including petroleum products, engineering and leather, dipped last month, according to the ministry data.
Exporters' body FIEO said the government should announce incentives in the Budget to boost the shipments.
"Inverted duty structure in respect of various items may be given due consideration in the Budget as it not only effects exports but also the manufacturing sector," Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) President S C Ralhan said.
The continuous decline in exports is expected to impact jobs and put pressure on the current account deficit.
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During the month, top two sectors -- engineering and petroleum products -- contracted 27.6 per cent and 35.18 per cent, respectively in January.
These sectors make up about 42 per cent of the country's total exports in 2014-15, when it stood at USD 310.5 billion.
Agri-products, which constitute over 10 per cent of the country's total shipments, too recorded a negative growth during the month under review.
Overall, eight out of 13 main agriculture products slipped into negative territory.
Decline in these exports has been instrumental in dragging down India's overall merchandise exports. Due to continuous dip, the total merchandise shipments are expected to reach a figure of USD 270 billion in 2015-16.
India has aimed at taking exports of goods and services to USD 900 billion by 2020 and raising the country's share in world exports to 3.5 per cent from 2 per cent.
The exports in the past four financial years have been hovering at around USD 300 billion.
were related to speeding up of the DGFT processes, prompt release of MEIS scrips, facilitations for SEZ....," Teaotia said.
Asked about the export figures expected for full fiscal, she said, "... I don't think we will exceed more than USD 260-270 billion... We still have to get in the last figures and some of them will drag into April, but that would be the best we would do in this year and that also reflects the way the commodity prices have been."
On outlook for next year in terms of data, she said, "We are already seeing the prices of petroleum products rising slightly, we are seeing some of the commodity prices strengthening and most countries have been hurt by slowdown in global trade and that is why every one's exports have slipped so they are taking strong measures to protect industry and their exports."