The world's biggest social network said it does not allow a presence from groups advocating "terrorist activity, organized criminal activity or promoting hate."
The new guidelines say Facebook will take down "graphic images when they are shared for sadistic pleasure or to celebrate or glorify violence."
Nudity is also removed in many cases but allowed for images of breastfeeding, art or medical conditions.
"These standards are designed to create an environment where people feel motivated and empowered to treat each other with empathy and respect," said a blog post from Facebook global policy chief Monika Bickert and deputy general counsel Chris Sonderby.
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The new guidelines say Facebook members should use their "authentic name," a move that appears to head off criticism from people who used stage or performance names instead of their legal name.
In October Facebook said it would ease its "real names" policy that prompted drag queen performers to quit the social network and sparked wider protests in the gay community and beyond.
Facebook's new guidelines said it would remove content, disable accounts and work with law enforcement "when we believe that there is a genuine risk of physical harm or direct threats to public safety."
The move comes with Facebook and other social media struggling with defining acceptable content and freedom of expression.
"It's a challenge to maintain one set of standards that meets the needs of a diverse global community," the blog post said.
"This is particularly challenging for issues such as hate speech. Hate speech has always been banned on Facebook, and in our new community standards, we explain our efforts to keep our community free from this kind of abusive language."