The nationally televised event in Amsterdam highlighted the ongoing grief, disbelief and anger of the families and friends of those killed when the Boeing 777 flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was downed July 17 over conflict-hit eastern Ukraine.
Most of the victims were Dutch, but passengers and crew from 19 different countries died.
A 13-year-old girl, Gita Wiegel, recalled cuddling her mother at Schiphol before she boarded Flight 17.
Another grieving relative, Paul Marckelbach, recited a poem, sobbing as he read the final word: "Why?"
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Other relatives, some choking back tears, read out the names and ages of all 298 victims. The list took some 23 minutes to complete.
About 1,600 family and friends of the victims were joined for the event by Dutch King Willem-Alexander, Queen Maxima, Prime Minister Mark Rutte and other dignitaries.
"A missile ended their flight," he said. "We have landed in a horror scenario. A scenario of powerlessness, anger and disbelief."
Questions about exactly what happened remain unanswered. The Dutch government, unlike Kotte, has refrained from saying a missile downed the plane, but Dutch police and prosecutors carrying out a criminal investigation say a missile strike is the most likely scenario they are looking at.
A preliminary report by Dutch crash investigators said the plane was likely hit by multiple "high-energy objects," a finding some aviation experts say is consistent with a missile strike.
The wreckage of Flight 17 is still strewn across fields in Ukraine. Dutch authorities hope to begin recovering the debris this week and bring it back to the Netherlands so crash investigators can reconstruct part of the plane to aid their probe into the cause.
On Saturday, a Dutch military transport plane brought five coffins from Ukraine to the Netherlands carrying remains of victims that were recently recovered from the crash scene.