Arrivabene takes over only days after the team signed Germany's four-time world champion Sebastian Vettel on a three-year contract starting from next year and a day after Ferrari finished the Formula One season winless for the first time since 1993.
Arrivabene has been closely linked with Ferrari for several years, having previously been vice-president of Marlboro Global Communication and Promotions for tobacco giants and team sponsors Philip Morris International, which he joined in 1997.
He has also represented all Formula One sponsors on the F1 Commission since 2010.
"Maurizio has a unique wealth of knowledge: he has been extremely close to the Scuderia for years and, as a member of the F1 Commission, is also keenly aware of the challenges we are facing.
"His managerial experience on a highly complex and closely regulated market is also of great importance, and will help him manage and motivate the team.