Former Land Force commander Pita Driti is facing charges of inciting mutiny and sedition in the High Court in the capital Suva over the 2010 plan to overthrow military strongman Voreqe Bainimarama, the Fiji Times reported.
It said Driti told fellow officers he had lost faith in Bainimarama, who himself gained power in a 2006 coup that toppled a democratically elected government.
Prosecution witness Lieutenant-Colonel Manasa Tagicakibau said that in October 2010 he was in charge of army logistics, including surveillance, when Driti approached him seeking support for the plan.
He allegedly wanted to depose Bainimarama in October 2010 while he was in Sudan visiting Fijian troops serving as UN peacekeepers.
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Tagicakibau said he and two other officers blew the whistle on the plot just before Bainimarama's scheduled departure for Sudan, the Fijivillage news website reported.
Driti was subsequently arrested and an alleged co-conspirator, Lieutenant-Colonel Tevita Mara, fled to neighbouring Tonga, where he has ties to the aristocratic elite.
Fiji has experienced four coups since the mid-1980s, largely stemming from tensions between indigenous Fijians and ethnic Indians brought over by Britain in the colonial era to work on sugar plantations.