The fire incident has come a day after Navy Chief Admiral D K Joshi asserted that Navy's record was "not all that bad" in terms of accidents when compared to other navies in the world.
Navy sources said five persons suffered injuries, but there was no loss of life.
The fire was doused before it could cause any damage, defence sources said.
The ship was in the dry dock for maintenance when the fire broke out this evening, they said, adding the cause of the fire was being investigated.
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On August 14, the INS Sindhurakshak had sunk in the Mumbai naval harbour after an explosion probably in its torpedo section killing all 18 personnel on board.
Soon after that a fire took place on aircraft carrier INS Viraat off the coast of Mumbai.
Defence Minister A K Antony had pulled up the Navy for the sinking of INS Sindhurakshak and asked the force not to fritter away expensive resources of the nation.