One of the racy photos sees the actor on a motorbike with a bikini-clad girl in front of a green screen, reported Ace Showbiz.
"First day on the sound stage... Xander..," he captioned.
The other shows him chilling with the crew on set.
"The Director, producers and myself sitting in wonder as we take in the artistry of the many craftsmen that have built these amazing sets," he wrote.
Diesel returns as Cage who returns to the National Security Agency after an eight-year absence. He is joined by Bollywood star Deepika Padukone, Nina Dobrev, Samuel L Jackson, Ruby Rose, Jet Li, and Tony Jaa. The film will release in 2017.