Set a target of 310 in 49 overs, India were 172/6 when the two captains - Virat Kohli and Alastair Cook - agreed to call off the game on the fifth and final day at the Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium.
Kohli was batting on 49, while Ravindra Jadeja was giving him company on 33 at stumps.
Four more Tests are to be played in the five-match series, with the next one slated to be held in Visakhapatnam from November 17-21.
Brief scores:
England: 537 & 211 for 2 in 66 overs (Alastair Cook 106 batting, Haseeb Hameed 82; Amit Mishra 2/38).