In a report, Fitch Ratings said a so-called Brexit would weigh on the economies of other EU countries and increase political risks in Europe.
Though it said it wouldn't expect to change its ratings on EU countries in the near-term, it said such "negative actions" could become more likely in the medium-term if the economic impact of a Brexit proves "severe" or if "significant political risks" materialise.
The British people will vote on their future in the EU in a referendum on June 23.