The five people - Mamtaz Begum, Khenta Begum, Sukurjan Begum, Saniyara Begum and Shafiqul Islam - were arrested last night from Chanattari village in Tarabari police station in Barpeta district.
According to police, the five people have recently kidnapped and sold off a 12-year-girl in Punjab.
She is yet to be rescued, the police said.
They have confessed about their involvement in girl trafficking happening in the district, police said.