The team includes French space rookie Thomas Pesquet, 38, NASA's former chief astronaut Peggy Whitson, and Russia's Oleg Novitsky.
In the hours leading up to the 2:20 AM Friday launch (2020 GMT today) from the Baikonur cosmodrome on the arid steppes of western Kazakhstan, the astronauts huddled with family who they will see next after touching down in six months' time.
Pesquet, a former Air France pilot who has spent seven years training for a shot at Space, posted a "LastSelfieOnEarth" photo on the European Space Agency's Facebook page.
Social media was abuzz about the records that the trailblazing Whitson is due to break on her third ISS mission.
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The 56-year-old already holds the record for the longest time in space for a woman.
She will take command of the ISS in March 2017, a role she already held back in 2007, becoming the only woman to lead it twice. And she will be the oldest woman ever in space -- turning 57 while still aboard the ISS.
"We will have food prepared by a Michelin-starred chef at the station. We have food for the big feasts: for Christmas, New Year's and birthdays. We'll have two birthdays, mine and Peggy's," the Frenchman said at the astronauts' last press conference before the launch.
Highlights include beef tongue with truffled foie gras and duck breast confit.
Whitson said the fancy French food would be a welcome change on the ISS.
"I think the thing that I find the most challenging about space flights is the lack of variety of the food," said.
Novitsky, who is making his second ISS trip, agreed. "The ISS is both a home and a place of work. It's also a place for friendship, for showing to the world that we can work together and have good relationships," he said.
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