Among those honored were photojournalist James Foley, a freelancer who had reported for GlobalPost, Agence France-Presse and other outlets from Afghanistan, Libya and Syria, and Steven Sotloff, an American-Israeli journalist who had worked for Time and the Christian Science Monitor.
With the 14 names, the memorial will recognize a total of 2,271 reporters, photographers, broadcasters and news executives from around the world, dating back to 1837.
"It is right, and just, that we pause today in our busy lives to remember what these journalists did, and why they did it," Peter Prichard, chief executive officer of the Newseum, said at a ceremony at the news media museum.
For the first time in the Newseum's seven-year history in Washington, the "Today's Front Pages" exhibit was blacked out for the day to raise awareness of the threats journalists face.
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Gene Policinski, chief operating officer of the Newseum Institute, said the memorial is a way to acknowledge the journalists' sacrifices.
"We are but the caretakers and guardians of this Memorial on behalf of those who ultimately require no such construct to confirm their courage and self-sacrifice," he said.