In this role, Carroll will advise on key strategic initiatives for the Chairman's Office of Vedanta Resources, including corporate development and significant value creation opportunities, Vedanta Resources said in a statement.
Carroll was the Chief Executive of mining giant Anglo American from March 2007 to April 2013. At present, she sits on the boards of BP plc and Hitachi Ltd.
In the past, Carroll has chaired Boards of Anglo American Platinum Ltd and De Beers Societe Anonyme and has also served on the Boards of International Council on Mining and Metals, International Aluminium Institute and The American Aluminium Association.
This is the India-focused mining major's second hiring of a top level executive who headed a global mining conglomerate.
In March last year, the NRI billionaire Anil Agarwal-led mining major hired former head of Anglo-Australian mining giant Rio Tinto Tom Albanese as its chief executive.