She was suffering from cancer and breathed her last at around 12:30 am at her residence in Palam Vihar in West Delhi, a family member said.
During her illustrious career, Ghose had served in a number of positions including in Indian Missions in Austria, the Netherlands, Bangladesh, South Korea and Egypt. She was also the first Indian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Offices in Geneva.
At the conference, she had talked about the "discriminatory" treaty and famously said, "India will not sign this unequal treaty. Not now, not ever."
Vice President Hamid Ansari, condoling the passing away of Ghose, said she will be remembered for her services to the nation, including for her role as head of the Indian delegation at the CTBT negotiations.
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Ghose, who was born on November 25, 1939, is from a prominent Bengali family and grew up in Mumbai.
She is sister of Bhaskar Ghose, former chairman of Prasar Bharati. Ghose, aunt of Sanjay Ghose, a social worker who was abducted and killed by ULFA militants in Assam in 1997.
Ghose had retired from diplomatic services in November 1997.
She was a Member of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) from 1998 to 2004.
Ghose was also a member of the UN Secretary General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters from 1998 to 2001. She was also a member of Task Force on non-proliferation and Disarmament set up by the Ministry of External Affairs in 2007.