Under steady rain, the British Mercedes driver was untouchable as he powered to 1min 53.860sec, his third pole position in four races this season and more than half-a-second ahead of Daniel Ricciardo.
Australian driver Ricciardo again out-qualified his Red Bull team-mate Sebastian Vettel, the four-time defending world champion, who was third in 1:54.960.
Hamilton's team-mate and championship leader Nico Rosberg could only manage fourth place in the slippery conditions as he ran wide on the last bend of his final flying lap and spun spectacularly.
"It's definitely more satisfying when it's wet. It's so slippery out there," Hamilton told reporters, revealing that he might have gone even quicker but for a small mistake.
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"Our car is great. The lap could have been faster because I lost a little bit of time through turn 10 and I was like: 'How are the times looking?' So I'm ecstatic, really happy."
Despite winning the last two races, Hamilton still trails Rosberg by 11 points in the drivers' championship but the German will now have to start behind both Red Bulls as well as his team-mate.
"Right at the end of Q3 I managed to pull something out," he explained later. "I wasn't really comfortable so we made a couple of changes for that last run and, yeah, I put everything out there on that last lap."
Rosberg complained of being off the pace throughout qualifying. "I was generally not quick enough today. I've been struggling with braking," he said. "I was trying a little bit too hard in the end.