Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said the arrests were made yesterday and today morning in the Lyon area, in central France.
Young French men and women make up the largest contingent of European jihadis fighting in Syria, and security officials fear they will use newfound fighting skills and European Union passports to carry out attacks back home.
A Frenchman who fought with the Islamic State group is suspected of attacking a Jewish museum in Brussels in May, killing four people with a Kalashnikov.