The departure of around 150 soldiers from Kabul will put an end to a 13-year mission as part of NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
At its height, France deployed some 4,000 soldiers to the NATO force which peaked at over 130,000 troops in 2010. France has not had combat forces in the country since 2012.
A total of 70,000 French soldiers have rotated through Afghanistan, with 89 killed and 700 injured.
The French military has since been involved in training the Afghan army.
The NATO mission ends this month. Around 12,500 foreign soldiers -- mostly from the US -- will remain in the country in 2015 in a supporting role.