French fries may pose health risk: study

French fry lovers, take note! The crispy fried potatoes that you love snacking on may have high levels of an unwanted chemical associated with heavy industry that may pose health risk, a new study has claimed.
Researchers are now closing in on identifying potato breeds that have lesser levels of the compound.
French fries contain acrylamide, a chemical that poses a risk for several types of cancer in rodents. The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers the chemical a "probable human carcinogen," researchers said.
Trace amounts of acrylamide are present in many foods cooked at temperatures higher than 120 degrees Celsius.

Relatively high levels are found in fried potatoes, including French fries and potato chips.
A group of scientists, led by Yi Wang from University of Idaho in US, set out in 2011 to identify potato varieties that form less acrylamide as well as make great French fries. The group assessed more than 140 potato varieties.

The amount of the chemical found in fried potatoes is thought to be directly linked to the chemistry of the raw potatoes.
Raw potatoes contain an amino acid called asparagine which is found in many animal and plant food sources, and is a known precursor of acrylamide.

When cooked at high temperatures, sugars react with amino acids, including asparagine, in a chemical process known as the Maillard reaction.
The reaction is what gives fried potatoes their prized flavour and colour, but it is also what produces acrylamide.
Researchers planted 149 potato breeds in five potato-growing regions across the US. Upon harvesting, they sent some of the raw potatoes to labs.
The potatoes were stored in conditions similar to commercial potatoes. After storage, the labs tested the potatoes for their levels of reducing sugars and asparagine.
Researchers then fried some of the potatoes and observed how much acrylamide the potatoes formed.

They found that it is fairly achievable to identify potato breeds that produce less acrylamide, especially when compared with the industry standard potato breeds, Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank.
"The real challenge is to find the varieties that not only have those characteristics, but also yield finished products with desirable processing quality that meet the stringent standards of the food industry," Wang said.
Two of the most promising varieties - Payette Russet and Easton - have already been released for commercial use.
Wang said the group hopes to identify genes that are related to lower acrylamide in certain fried potatoes. The study shows a strong relationship between the genetics of a raw potato and its potential to form acrylamide.

If researchers are able to identify the specific genes, they may be able to eliminate them in the future.
The study was published in the journal Crop Science.