Israeli police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said one rocket exploded near a gas station and another near a public library. The military said its "Iron Dome" defence system intercepted at least three of the rockets, while the others fell in open areas. The barrage set off air-raid sirens in southern communities within range of the rockets.
In Gaza, the Islamic Jihad militant group claimed responsibility for the attack. It said it fired 20 rockets to avenge the deaths of three of its members killed in an Israeli airstrike the day before.
Israeli media reported more than 50 rockets were fired. The Iranian-backed Islamic Jihad has killed dozens of Israelis in suicide bombings and other attacks over the years. Israel's military said they had targeted the militants on Tuesday after they fired at Israel.
Gaza militants have fired thousands of rockets and mortars at Israel. Attacks have declined since an eight-day Israeli offensive against Gaza militants in 2012 but rocket fire still persists. Israeli aircraft periodically strikes militants that launch the rockets.